Each test is a physical build. Before rolling out a new store layout or concept, the chain had to show the design could meet forecast demand. Its teams set up prototypes in the lab and ran simulated rushes with real crew and equipment. Every round used labor, product, and lab time, and after many rounds the team could see it would never get through every combination it needed to test.
Most large chains test this way. Burger King built a life-size prototype restaurant, dual-lane drive-thru included, inside a 40,000-square-foot warehouse so crews could run simulated service on new layouts. Labor raises the stakes: in 2024, profitable limited-service operators ran labor at a median 30.0% of sales, against 34.1% for those that lost money (National Restaurant Association).